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The Order of the Cross of Liberty ((フィンランド語:Vapaudenristin ritarikunta); (スウェーデン語:Frihetskorsets orden)) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the White Rose of Finland and the Order of the Lion of Finland. The President of Finland is the Grand Master of the two orders, and usually of the Order of the Cross of Liberty as well, Grand Mastership of which is attached to the position of Commander-in-chief.〔http://www.vapaudenristinritarikunta.fi/pages/show/2〕 The orders are administered by boards consisting of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor and at least four members. The orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland have a joint board. The Order of the Cross of Liberty was founded on March 4, 1918, upon the initiative of General C.G. Mannerheim. The Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela was commissioned to design the Order's insignia with the swastika. At its foundation there were seven classes: grand cross, cross of liberty (1st to 4th class) and the medal of liberty (1st and 2nd class). The decorations of the Order of the Cross of Liberty were initially conferred only in time of war. A decree was issued on 18 August 1944 enabling the decorations to be awarded in peacetime. The Cross of Liberty has a red ribbon when it is granted in wartime and a yellow ribbon when it is awarded in peacetime. Decorations of the order were awarded in great numbers during the World War II, partly due to Marshal Mannerheim having issued an order that wounded soldiers were to be awarded for their sacrifice, and Finland has no separate decoration for wounded, Cross of Liberty is usually reserved for commissioned officers, with Medal of Liberty being awarded for soldiers of junior rank and NCOs. == Classes == The classes of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, in descending order, with abbreviations are: *Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Liberty (VR SR) *Cross of Liberty, 1st Class with a grand star (neck order) (VR 1. rtk) *Cross of Liberty, 1st Class (neck order) (VR 1) *Cross of Liberty, 2nd Class (VR 2) *Cross of Liberty, 3rd Class (VR 3) *Cross of Liberty, 4th Class (VR 4) *Medal of Liberty, 1st Class (VM 1) *Medal for Merit, 1st Class (VR Am 1) *Medal of Liberty, 2nd Class (VM 2) *Medal for Merit, 2nd Class (VR Am 2) Associated with the Order is the Mannerheim Cross, which is discussed in a separate article. Other special decorations awarded during the Second World War include: *Medal of Liberty 1st Class on Rosette Ribbon (only awarded once, to Field Marshal Mannerheim)〔Tetri 1994, p. 47.〕 *Gold Medal of Merit; only awarded once, to General Waldemar Erfurth, 13 June 1944〔Tetri 1994, p. 47.〕 *Cross of Mourning (''VR sururisti''); given to the nearest relative of a soldier killed in action〔Tetri 1994, p. 49.〕 *Medal of Mourning (''VM surumitali''); given to the nearest relative of a person killed in non-military duty of war industry or national defence.〔Tetri 1994, p. 49.〕 File:1st class of the Cross of Liberty.png|VR 1st Class File:2nd class of the Cross of Liberty.png|VR 2nd Class File:3rd class of the Cross of Liberty.png|VR 3rd Class File:4th class of the Cross of Liberty.png|VR 4th Class File:VR Mourning Cross.JPG|VR Mourning Cross 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Order of the Cross of Liberty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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